The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age.
Identifieur interne : 000245 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000244; suivant : 000246The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age.
Auteurs : Daniel Richter [Allemagne] ; Rainer Grün [Australie] ; Renaud Joannes-Boyau [Australie] ; Teresa E. Steele [Allemagne] ; Fethi Amani [Maroc] ; Mathieu Rué [France] ; Paul Fernandes [France] ; Jean-Paul Raynal [Allemagne] ; Denis Geraads [Allemagne] ; Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer [Maroc] ; Jean-Jacques Hublin [Allemagne] ; Shannon P. Mcpherron [Allemagne]Source :
- Nature [ 1476-4687 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- analyse : Uranium.
- ethnologie : Afrique.
- Animaux, Archéologie, Chronologie comme sujet, Dent, Fossiles, Histoire ancienne, Hominidae, Humains, Mandibule, Maroc, Phylogénie, Spectroscopie de résonance de spin électronique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , analysis : Uranium.
- classification : Hominidae.
- ethnology : Africa.
- methods : Archaeology.
- Animals, Chronology as Topic, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy, Fossils, History, Ancient, Humans, Mandible, Morocco, Phylogeny, Tooth.
Abstract
The timing and location of the emergence of our species and of associated behavioural changes are crucial for our understanding of human evolution. The earliest fossil attributed to a modern form of Homo sapiens comes from eastern Africa and is approximately 195 thousand years old, therefore the emergence of modern human biology is commonly placed at around 200 thousand years ago. The earliest Middle Stone Age assemblages come from eastern and southern Africa but date much earlier. Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible. These ages are also consistent with the faunal and microfaunal assemblages and almost double the previous age estimates for the lower part of the deposits. The north African site of Jebel Irhoud contains one of the earliest directly dated Middle Stone Age assemblages, and its associated human remains are the oldest reported for H. sapiens. The emergence of our species and of the Middle Stone Age appear to be close in time, and these data suggest a larger scale, potentially pan-African, origin for both.
DOI: 10.1038/nature22335
PubMed: 28593967
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Australie, France, Maroc
- Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, District de Leipzig, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Rhône-Alpes, Saxe (Land)
- Leipzig, Rabat, Villard-de-Lans
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Le document en format XML
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type="city">Villard-de-Lans</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandes, Paul" sort="Fernandes, Paul" uniqKey="Fernandes P" first="Paul" last="Fernandes">Paul Fernandes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Paléotime, 6173 Rue Jean Séraphin Achard Picard, 38250 Villard-de-Lans, France.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Paléotime, 6173 Rue Jean Séraphin Achard Picard, 38250 Villard-de-Lans</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Rhône-Alpes</region><settlement type="city">Villard-de-Lans</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raynal, Jean Paul" sort="Raynal, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Raynal J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Raynal">Jean-Paul Raynal</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Geraads, Denis" sort="Geraads, Denis" uniqKey="Geraads D" first="Denis" last="Geraads">Denis Geraads</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ben Ncer, Abdelouahed" sort="Ben Ncer, Abdelouahed" uniqKey="Ben Ncer A" first="Abdelouahed" last="Ben-Ncer">Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut National des Sciences de L'Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Hay Riad, Madinat Al Ifrane, Angle rues 5 et 7, BP 6828, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut National des Sciences de L'Archéologie et du Patrimoine, Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Hay Riad, Madinat Al Ifrane, Angle rues 5 et 7, BP 6828, Rabat</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement><region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hublin, Jean Jacques" sort="Hublin, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Hublin J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Hublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mcpherron, Shannon P" sort="Mcpherron, Shannon P" uniqKey="Mcpherron S" first="Shannon P" last="Mcpherron">Shannon P. Mcpherron</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103, Germany.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig 04103</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="land" nuts="1">Saxe (Land)</region><region type="district" nuts="2">District de Leipzig</region><settlement type="city">Leipzig</settlement></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Nature</title><idno type="eISSN">1476-4687</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa (ethnology)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Archaeology (methods)</term><term>Chronology as Topic</term><term>Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy</term><term>Fossils</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Hominidae (classification)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mandible</term><term>Morocco</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Tooth</term><term>Uranium (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique (ethnologie)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Archéologie ()</term><term>Chronologie comme sujet</term><term>Dent</term><term>Fossiles</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Hominidae ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mandibule</term><term>Maroc</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Spectroscopie de résonance de spin électronique</term><term>Uranium (analyse)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Uranium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Uranium</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Hominidae</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="ethnology" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Archaeology</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Chronology as Topic</term><term>Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy</term><term>Fossils</term><term>History, Ancient</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mandible</term><term>Morocco</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Tooth</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Archéologie</term><term>Chronologie comme sujet</term><term>Dent</term><term>Fossiles</term><term>Histoire ancienne</term><term>Hominidae</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mandibule</term><term>Maroc</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Spectroscopie de résonance de spin électronique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The timing and location of the emergence of our species and of associated behavioural changes are crucial for our understanding of human evolution. The earliest fossil attributed to a modern form of Homo sapiens comes from eastern Africa and is approximately 195 thousand years old, therefore the emergence of modern human biology is commonly placed at around 200 thousand years ago. The earliest Middle Stone Age assemblages come from eastern and southern Africa but date much earlier. Here we report the ages, determined by thermoluminescence dating, of fire-heated flint artefacts obtained from new excavations at the Middle Stone Age site of Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, which are directly associated with newly discovered remains of H. sapiens. A weighted average age places these Middle Stone Age artefacts and fossils at 315 ± 34 thousand years ago. Support is obtained through the recalculated uranium series with electron spin resonance date of 286 ± 32 thousand years ago for a tooth from the Irhoud 3 hominin mandible. These ages are also consistent with the faunal and microfaunal assemblages and almost double the previous age estimates for the lower part of the deposits. The north African site of Jebel Irhoud contains one of the earliest directly dated Middle Stone Age assemblages, and its associated human remains are the oldest reported for H. sapiens. The emergence of our species and of the Middle Stone Age appear to be close in time, and these data suggest a larger scale, potentially pan-African, origin for both.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Australie</li><li>France</li><li>Maroc</li></country><region><li>Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes</li><li>District de Leipzig</li><li>Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</li><li>Rhône-Alpes</li><li>Saxe (Land)</li></region><settlement><li>Leipzig</li><li>Rabat</li><li>Villard-de-Lans</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Allemagne"><region name="Saxe (Land)"><name sortKey="Richter, Daniel" sort="Richter, Daniel" uniqKey="Richter D" first="Daniel" last="Richter">Daniel Richter</name></region><name sortKey="Geraads, Denis" sort="Geraads, Denis" uniqKey="Geraads D" first="Denis" last="Geraads">Denis Geraads</name><name sortKey="Hublin, Jean Jacques" sort="Hublin, Jean Jacques" uniqKey="Hublin J" first="Jean-Jacques" last="Hublin">Jean-Jacques Hublin</name><name sortKey="Mcpherron, Shannon P" sort="Mcpherron, Shannon P" uniqKey="Mcpherron S" first="Shannon P" last="Mcpherron">Shannon P. Mcpherron</name><name sortKey="Raynal, Jean Paul" sort="Raynal, Jean Paul" uniqKey="Raynal J" first="Jean-Paul" last="Raynal">Jean-Paul Raynal</name><name sortKey="Steele, Teresa E" sort="Steele, Teresa E" uniqKey="Steele T" first="Teresa E" last="Steele">Teresa E. Steele</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Grun, Rainer" sort="Grun, Rainer" uniqKey="Grun R" first="Rainer" last="Grün">Rainer Grün</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Joannes Boyau, Renaud" sort="Joannes Boyau, Renaud" uniqKey="Joannes Boyau R" first="Renaud" last="Joannes-Boyau">Renaud Joannes-Boyau</name></country><country name="Maroc"><region name="Rabat-Salé-Kénitra"><name sortKey="Amani, Fethi" sort="Amani, Fethi" uniqKey="Amani F" first="Fethi" last="Amani">Fethi Amani</name></region><name sortKey="Ben Ncer, Abdelouahed" sort="Ben Ncer, Abdelouahed" uniqKey="Ben Ncer A" first="Abdelouahed" last="Ben-Ncer">Abdelouahed Ben-Ncer</name></country><country name="France"><region name="Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes"><name sortKey="Rue, Mathieu" sort="Rue, Mathieu" uniqKey="Rue M" first="Mathieu" last="Rué">Mathieu Rué</name></region><name sortKey="Fernandes, Paul" sort="Fernandes, Paul" uniqKey="Fernandes P" first="Paul" last="Fernandes">Paul Fernandes</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= The age of the hominin fossils from Jebel Irhoud, Morocco, and the origins of the Middle Stone Age.
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